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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">postsoviet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы постсоветского пространства</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Post-Soviet Issues</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2313-8920</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2587-8174</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Centre of Regional Research</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24975/2313-8920-2018-5-4-369-389</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">postsoviet-175</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ И МИРОВАЯ ПОЛИТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND GLOBAL POLICY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нейтральный баланс деградации земель — новейший подход для принятия решений в области землепользования и земельной политики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Land Degradation Neutrality — the modern approach for land management and policy-making</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куст</surname><given-names>Г. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kust</surname><given-names>G. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куст Герман С. - доктор биологических наук.</p><p>117218, Москва, ул. Профсоюзная, д. 9.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>German S. Kust - Doctor of Biological Sciences.</p><p>bld. 9, Profsouznaj str. Moscow, 117218.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gkust@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреева</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreeva</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андреева Ольга В. - кандидат биологических  наук.</p><p>117218, Москва, ул. Профсоюзная, д. 9.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Andreeva - PhD in Biological Sciences.</p><p>bld. 9, Profsouznaj str. Moscow, 117218.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andreevala@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лобковский</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lobkovskiy</surname><given-names>V. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лобковский Василий А. - кандидат географических наук.</p><p>117218, Москва, ул. Профсоюзная, д. 9.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasiliy A. Lobkovskiy - PhD in Geographical Sciences.</p><p>bld. 9, Profsouznaj str. Moscow, 117218.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.a.lobkovskiy@igras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт географии РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Geography of RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт географии РАН; МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Geography of RAS; Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт географии РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Geography of RAS; Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>369</fpage><lpage>389</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Куст Г.С., Андреева О.В., Лобковский В.А., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Куст Г.С., Андреева О.В., Лобковский В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kust G.S., Andreeva O.V., Lobkovskiy V.А.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.postsovietarea.com/jour/article/view/175">https://www.postsovietarea.com/jour/article/view/175</self-uri><abstract><p>Земельная реформа, затронувшая все страны постсоветского пространства, в ряде случаев привела к негативным последствиям – деградации земель, что отмечается в научной литературе и государственных докладах. В работе представлены результаты применения новейшей международной методологии нейтрального баланса деградации земель (НБДЗ, в оригинале Land Degradation Neutrality) для оценки состояния земель на территории Российской Федерации. Данная методология позволяет проследить на ретроспективной основе динамику деградации земель по основным индикаторам: наземному покрову, продуктивности земель и запасам почвенного органического углерода. Приведен анализ данных по изменению этих индикаторов за 2000-2015 гг. Показано, что несмотря на удобство и относительную простоту международной методологии, а также на возможность проведения сравнительного анализа состояния земель для всей территории страны по единой методике, основанной на глобальных данных и материалах дистанционного зондирования, расчет показателей НБДЗ по рекомендациям КБО ООН и данным национальной статистики несопоставим, противоречив, и не может быть проведен путем прямой замены глобальных индикаторов НБДЗ на национальные аналоги. Главные причины этого заключаются в большой территории и, соответственно, большом разнообразии физико-географических и социально-экономических условий, а также в сложившейся многоуровневой системе государственного учета и мониторинга земель, которая имеет длительную историю развития. Предложено с целью гармонизации национальных и глобальных данных дополнить национальную систему земельного мониторинга глобальными индикаторами и использовать их в сложившейся национальной системе учета в качестве общих ориентиров и для контроля объективности статистических данных, получаемых традиционными методами. В этом случае глобальные индикаторы НБДЗ можно применять в государственной и отраслевой статистике для анализа общих трендов и стимулирования достижения НБДЗ как на общенациональном, так и на региональном и местном уровнях. Методика расчета НБДЗ позволяет сравнивать плохо сравниваемые категории земель в отношении деградации, хотя и потребует существенной доработки для использования в Российской Федерации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The land reform affected all the countries of the post-Soviet space and in the number of cases led to land degradation, as indicated in scientific literature and in the state reports. The paper presents the results of applying the modern international methodology for Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) assessment for the Russian Federation. The tools of this methodology makes it possible to trace, on a retrospective basis, the dynamics of land degradation using following proxy indicators: land cover, land productivity and soil organic carbon stocks. The relevant data for 2000-2015 are provided in the paper. It is shown that, despite the convenience and relative simplicity of the international methodology, as well as the possibility for comparative analysis of the state of land for the entire territory of the country according to a unified methodology, nevertheless it can not be used as alternative methods through direct substitutions of the global LDN indicators to national counterparts. The main reasons for the contradictions revealed are the variety of socio-economic and socio-economic conditions, as well as the existing multi-level state system for land monitoring and assessment, which is traditional and conservative. To harmonizing national and global data it is proposed to enhance the national land monitoring system with global indicators for using them in the national land assessment system to monitor and verify the accuracy of statistical data obtained by traditional methods. In this case, global LDN indicators can be used in state and sectoral statistics to analyze general trends and stimulate the LDN targeting at the national and local level. The method for LDN calculation allows comparing poorly compared land categories by degradation indicators, although it will require substantial refinement for use in the Russian Federation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>деградация земель</kwd><kwd>нейтральный баланс деградации земель</kwd><kwd>землепользование</kwd><kwd>цели устойчивого развития</kwd><kwd>Россия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>land degradation</kwd><kwd>land degradation neutrality</kwd><kwd>LDN</kwd><kwd>land management</kwd><kwd>sustainable development goals</kwd><kwd>Russia</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Секретариат Конвенции ООН по борьбе с опустыниванием; Глобальный Механизм;  РНФ</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Secretariat of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification; Global Mechanism; RSF</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Конвенция Организации Объединенных Наций по борьбе с опустыниванием в тех странах, которые испытывают серьезную засуху и/или опустынивание. 1994. 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