The article analyzes the problems of formation and implementation of humanitarian policy of Russia in contemporary geopolitical environment. The author conducts a critical analysis of systemic shortcomings of the current approach, highlighting three key problems: terminological uncertainty of basic concepts in regulatory documents, lack of clear and measurable target indicators in development strategies, as well as weak coordination between numerous subjects of humanitarian activity. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the fundamental contradiction between the universal nature of the humanitarian space, requiring universalistic approaches, and the nationally-oriented paradigm of the Russian humanitarian message. Based on the analysis of domestic experience and modern international practices, the author substantiates the concept of humanitarian policy as a system of targeted efforts to create a cross-border communication environment, implying a certain limitation of the principle of absolute sovereignty. The article presents recommendations aimed at optimizing Russia’s humanitarian policy, including proposals for terminological unification, development of measurable performance indicators and development of network forms of interaction.