The article discusses a number of issues related to the necessity of integrating a new type of security—intellectual security—into the Russian Federation’s national security system, whose meaning and significance the author clarifies. Existing types of national security hardly touch upon the value-based and intellectual spheres of societal  life, making them the most vulnerable and unprotected. The article states that the primary task of intellectual security should be to protect the civilizational foundations of our state. The author emphasizes that protecting these civilizational foundations is impossible without the development of a distinctive Russian philosophy.  Since the latter clarifies and shapes these foundations and therefore should serve as the basis for intellectual independence. The author offers a critical assessment of the current state of intellectual security in Russia, arguing that the Russian intellectual community is heavily influenced by foreign ideals, values and traditions that conflict with the foundations of our civilization, and this influence inevitably undermines the intellectual independence of our civilization-state. One of the essential factors for preserving Russia’s intellectual independence, according to the author, is the support of the Russian philosophical tradition, which should become the basis for the country’s mental sovereignty and intellectual security. Other factors for preserving intellectual independence include creating social conditions and a public environment that would allow distinctive Russian philosophy to become the ideological and value-based benchmark for making strategic decisions related to the national development. The author believes that the inclusion of intellectual security into Russia’s security system is a necessary step to ensure state security under current conditions.